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The conflict between the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of France is divided into a series of military and diplomatic episodes between 1465 and 1491, until Anne of Brittany married Charles VIII of France. It eventually led to the end of the independence of Brittany. The conflict followed the War of the Breton Succession, in which two parties, one pro-English and the other pro-French, clashed between 1341 and 1364. ==Context== The first Treaty of Guérande (1365) settled the War of the Breton Succession. For more than two decades, two families, the Blois-Penthièvre and Montfort, contested the succession to the duchy of Brittany. The latter would eventually prevail. The rights of two families, however, are recognized: *the duchy is transmitted from male to male in the family of Montfort; *if there is no male descendant in the family of Montfort, it must pass to the males of the family of Penthievre. This treaty does not exclude daughters from the succession, much less the transmission of rights (it stated that the duchy "will not return to women as long as there were male heirs"). The Montforts hardly showed their acceptance with respect to the treaty (John IV, Francis II). Finally, Penthièvre had lost hope after forfeiting their lands in 1420 (they had kidnapped and sequestered Duke John V). But at the end of the reign of Francis II, the two families had no male heirs: Francis II had two daughters, and the last Penthièvre are women. Therefore, the following can claim the succession: The chief of Montfort *the sisters Anne and Isabeau of Brittany, daughters of the reigning duke, last heirs of the family coming first in the order of succession to the duchy, but they are not men; *John II, Viscount of Rohan and Léon, husband of Marie of Brittany (daughter of Duke Francis I). Without the Treaty of Guérande, his wife would have become duchess from 1469, on the death of her older sister Margaret. To transform this rivalry into a combination, Jean II proposed to marry his sons Francis and Jean to Anne and her sister Isabella. Francis II refused it against the advice of his council and lineal logic. Later he will style himself as duke; *John de Chalon, Prince of Orange, son of Catherine of Brittany (sister of the Duke Francis II). He is the heir closest to Francis II after Anne and Isabeau; *Francis d'Avaugour, bastard son of Duke Francis II and Antoinette de Maignelais. He renounced before the Estates of Brittany his hypothetical rights. The chief of Penthièvre The Estates of Brittany, who had no right or power in the matter, since these powers belonged only to the king, to whom Duke John V, had paid homage — deprived the Penthièvre of their rights to ducal succession after their "treachery" in 1420, the year Henry V of England, and essential supporter of the Montforts, conquered Paris. These rights shall be reviewed in 1447, while the King of France has just taken over Paris (1446) and Normandy (1447) and comes dangerously close to Brittany. Conditional restitution. Restitution against renunciation of succession rights to the ducal seat. After Charles VII crushed the English at Formigny (1450), the Duke of Brittany wrote to the Penthievre to indicate that he cancelled the conditional renunciation of the Penthièvre to the ducal estate): *John II, Count of Penthièvre (son of Nicole de Châtillon and Jean II de Brosse), but his mother had twice renounced her rights (she sold it in 1480 to Louis XI of France, confirmed in 1485); *Charles VIII, whose father Louis XI bought, on 3 January 1480, the succession rights to the duchy of Brittany from Nicole de Châtillon, countess of Penthièvre. He is recognized as the heir of Francis II by five Breton rebels in the Treaty of Montargis. *Alain I of Albret, half-brother of Françoise de Dinan, widower of Françoise de Blois-Bretagne, Countess of Périgord (died in 1481), herself cousin of Nicole de Châtillon, through whom he unsuccessfully claimed the county of Penthièvre. He wanted to marry Anne, and then to marry her to his son, John. He succeeded in betrothing Isabeau (younger sister of Anne) to his son, but Isabeau died before the marriage could take place. Some contenders try to secure support: Charles VIII and John II gained some of the Breton nobility. Various matrimonial projects aimed to combine the rights of both branches on the same head. To secure his family against these pretensions, Francis II had his daughters recognized by the Estates of Brittany as heiresses of the duchy, and is crowned Duchess Anne in Rennes, against the provisions of the Treaty of Guérande (1365). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French-Breton War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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